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Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger ((ヘブライ語:ברכה אטינגר, ברכה ליכטנברג-אטינגר)) is an Israeli-born visual artist who has mainly produced paintings, drawings, notebooks and photography. She is also a philosopher, psychoanalyst and writer. Ettinger's work consists mostly of oil painting. Ettinger is now considered to be a prominent figure among both the French painters' and the Israeli art's scenes. Ettinger's art was recently analysed at length in the book ''Women Artists at the Millennium'',〔''Women Artists at the Millennium'', 2006, Edited by Carol Armstrong and Catherine de Zegher. ISBN 0-262-01226-X, ISBN 978-0-262-01226-3. (The MIT press book page ).〕 in Griselda Pollock's ''Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum''〔Pollock, Griselda, ''Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum''. Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0-415-41374-5.〕 and in Catherine de Zegher's anthology ''Women's Work is Never Done''.〔De Zegher, Catherine, ''Women's Work is Never Done''. MER Edition, 2015. ISBN 9-789490-693473.〕 Her ideas in cultural theory, psychoanalysis, and French feminism (see ''Feminist theory and psychoanalysis'') achieved recognition after the publication of ''Matrix and Metramorphosis'' (1992), fragments from her notebooks (Moma, Oxford, 1993) and ''The Matrixial Gaze'' (1995). Over the last two decades her work has been influential in art history,〔Griselda Pollock, Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum. Routledge, 2007〕 film studies (including feminist film theory),aesthetics〔see also Jean-François Lyotard,the sublime〕 and gender studies.〔"Diotima and the Matrixial Transference." In: Van der Merwe, C. N., and Viljoen, H., eds. Across the Threshold. New York: Peter Lang, 2007. ISBN 9781433100024〕 Ettinger is a Professor at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland.〔 ==Life and work== Bracha Ettinger was born in Tel Aviv on 23 March 1948.〔(Library of Congress Name Authority File )〕 She received her M.A. in Clinical Psychology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She moved to London in 1975 and studied, trained and worked between 1975 and 1979 at the ''London Centre for Psychotherapy'', the Tavistock Clinic and the Philadelphia Association with R. D. Laing. Her daughter the actress Lana Ettinger was born in London. She returned to Israel in 1979 and worked at Shalvata Hospital. Ettinger, who has painted and drawn since early childhood, is self-taught. In her early days she avoided the art scene. In 1981 she decided to become a professional artist and moved to Paris where she lived and worked from 1981 to 2003. Her son Itai was born in 1988. As well as painting, drawing and photography, she began writing, and received a D.E.A. in Psychoanalysis from the University Paris VII Diderot in 1987, and a Ph.D. in Aesthetics of Art from the University of Paris VIII in 1996.〔 Ettinger had a solo project at the Pompidou Centre in 1987, and a solo exhibition at the Museum of Calais in 1988. In 1995 she had a solo exhibition at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, and in 1996 she participated in the Contemporary art section of ''Face à l'Histoire. 1933-1996'' exhibition in the Pompidou Centre.〔''Face à l'Histoire. 1933-1996.'' Paris: Flammarion and Centre Georges Pompidou, 1996. ISBN 2-85850-898-4〕 In 2000 she had a mid-life retrospective at the Centre for Fine Arts (The Palais des Beaux Arts) in Brussels, and in 2001 a solo exhibition at the Drawing Center in New York.〔''Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger: Eurydice Series.'' Edited by Catherine de Zegher and Brian Massumi. ''Drawing Papers,'' n.24. NY: The Drawing Center, 2001. With texts by Judith Butler, Bracha Ettinger, Adrien Rifkin and the editors, and including a conversation between the Bracha Ettinger and Creigie Horsfield.〕 As well as working as an artist, Ettinger continued to train as psychoanalyst with Françoise Dolto, Piera Auglanier, Pierre Fedida, and Jacques-Alain Miller, and has become an influential contemporary French feminist.〔Couze Venn, in: ''Theory, Culture and Society''. Vol. 21 (1), 2004.〕〔Vanda Zajko and Miriam Leonard (ed.s), ''Laughing with Medusa''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-927438-X〕〔Humm, Maggie, ''Modernist Women and Visual Cultures''. Rutgers University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8135-3266-3〕〔Humm, Maggie, ''Feminism and Film''. Indiana University press, 1997. ISBN 0-253-33334-2〕 Around 1988 Ettinger began her Conversation and Photography project. Her personal art notebooks〔Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger, ''Matrix. Halal(a) — Lapsus. Notes on Painting''. Oxford: MOMA, 1993. ISBN 0-905836-81-2〕〔''Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger: Artworking 1985-1999'', with a reprint of ''Notes on Painting''. Ludion: Ghent-Amsterdam, and Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, 2000. ISBN 90-5544-283-6〕 have become source for theoretical articulations, and her art has inspired art historians (among them the distinguished art historian Griselda Pollock and international curator Catherine de Zegher) and philosophers (like Jean-François Lyotard, Christine Buci-Glucksmann and Brian Massumi) who dedicated a number of essays to her painting. Even though she was still based mainly in Paris, Ettinger was visiting professor (1997–1998) and then research professor (1999–2004) in psychoanalysis and aesthetics at the School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies at the University of Leeds.〔 Since 2001 she has also been visiting professor in Psychoanalysis and Aesthetics at the AHRC Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History (now CentreCATH).〔AHRC Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History (AHRC B.Ettinger page ).〕 Ettinger had partly returned to Israel in 2003, and has kept studios in both Paris and Tel Aviv ever since. She was a lecturer at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem until 2006.〔 Some of her specific academic fields of endeavor are feminist psychoanalysis, art, aesthetics, ethics, the gaze, sexual difference and gender studies, Jacques Lacan, the feminine, early (including pre-birth) psychic impressions, pre-maternal and maternal subjectivity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bracha L. Ettinger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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